èéSynonyms

No known synonym

Name of the disease in English

Anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock

The disease in brief

Anaphylaxis is a hypersensitivity reaction (HS 1) caused by an antigen with circulating or white blood cell-bound antibodies resulting in the release of active inflammatory substances such as prostaglandins and bradykinin. Respiratory function and circulation are affected first.

Anaphylactic shock occurs following vaccine injections, or repeated transfusions or drug injections (penicillins, etc.) often repeated. The destruction of hypodermis larvae on sensitized cattle or an allergic reaction to milk when certain dairy cows dry off.

Clinic & diagnosis

If we observe sudden breathing difficulty (10 to 20 minutes after a vaccine injection for example) in a bovine which manifests itself by one of the following signs:

-A high respiratory rate, which can lead to dyspnea or even respiratory distress.

- Abnormal hoarseness or laryngeal stridor or respiratory complaint

-A head extended forward with dilated nostrils that “pump” air with each breath.

If these respiratory signs occur following an injection or other antigenic encounter, the disease may be suspected.

Typical sign of the disease

No description

Pictures

See below

Diagnostic formulas

No description

Differential diagnosis

-Myocarditis N34

- Complex (or undeterminable) congenital heart anomalies CR12

-Poisoning with respiratory manifestation N362

-Poisoning by a cyanogenic plant: Water glyceria, Flax, Creeping clover, Vetch, Grass pea N138

-Emphysema of the regains-acute form RS28

-Terminal pulmonary edema RS28.2

-Acute pleuro-pneumonia due to Mannheimia haemolytica RS24.4

Confirm a suspicion?

No easy way to confirm.

Prognosis and treatment

Emergency treatment is vital:

– corticosteroid therapy (dexamethasone, 0.1 mg/kg IM or IV; prednisolone, 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV)

– fluid therapy (40 mL/kg/h)

– diuretic (furosemide)

Prevention

Do not repeat blood transfusions from the same donor

References

Veterinary Medicine-Pocket companion -9th Edition BLOOD DC-page 37