Synonyms

No known synonym

Name of the disease in English

Chronic bacterial pneumonia

The disease in brief

Inflammation of the lungs and bronchi of multifactorial origin. The disease is caused by different species of viruses, bacteria and mycoplasmas. Risk factors related to the environment or the animal contribute to the onset of cases or the severity of cases. Viruses and mycoplasmas act initially, some bacterial species cause complications secondarily.

Here, after the viral phase, we find ourselves at the stage of bacterial infection.

The main bacteria involved are Pasteurella (Mannheimia haemolytica And Pasteurella multocida). These bacteria can act in synergy with mycoplasma spp.

The disease becomes chronic.

Clinic & diagnosis

After an acute phase, the chronic phase can last for weeks or months; it is marked by weight loss, poor hair color, variable moderate fever and obvious residual respiratory signs, varying according to the dominant lesions:

- Often abundant and purulent discharge

-A small, deep cough

-Accelerated, jerky breathing movements with difficult or forced expiration, or with difficult or forced inhalation; the modification of the breathing movement can go as far as seeing the stomach hollow when the thorax inflates.

-On auscultation, we hear added noises or a respiratory murmur, these signs being increased by effort.

Typical sign of the disease

No description

Pictures

See below

Diagnostic formulas

No description

Differential diagnosis

–Caudal vena cava thrombosis N220

-Emphysema of the regains-subacute to chronic form RS28_1

-Pleurisy secondary to a mediastinal tumor or abscess N143

Confirm a suspicion?

There is nasal carriage of these bacteria in healthy animals, which makes it difficult to interpret nasal swab results. Transtracheal aspiration or tracheobronchial lavage are the methods of choice for detecting pathogens (by multiplex PCR in particular or). Bacteria can also be detected by bacterial culture, which can be followed up with an antibiogram if necessary.

Prognosis and treatment

Treatment aims to reduce the residual infection foci without being able to restore the damaged areas. It is based on the administration of antibiotics and on the modulation of inflammation if it is excessive.

Prevention

Prevention of these infections focuses on controlling viral and bacterial infections byadministration of often multivalent vaccines.

Controlling and correcting risk factors is also essential. This depends enormously on the types of farms affected, the factors being very specific to the category of animals affected: calves from suckler farms (colostral intake, weather conditions, building environment, etc.), veal calves (ventilation, feeding, quality of the incoming calf, etc.) or young cattle in fattening workshops (transport, number of different origins in the batches, quarantine, environment, etc.).

References

Veterinary Medicine-Pocket companion -9th Edition BLOOD DC-page 163